Disclaimer: I am not a Windows, browser, or security expert, but have reasonable understanding on the topics. The solutions discussed here are provided in good faith.

Warning: Read the long article if you want to understand the real problem, or jump to the fix straight away.

I am a big fan of using Composer to manage Drupal 8. This type of Drupal installation uses "web" directory from which the Drupal index.php, and the rest of the code (core, modules, libraries) is served. However, a GoDaddy hosting space uses "public_html" as the document root for the GoDaddy primary domain. To make the composer installation work with this, the fix is rather simple.

The Fix

Follow these steps in the same order: